Uma utshala imali emotweni kagesi (i-EV), kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi “ukushaja kancane kungcono.” Kodwa ingabe lokho kuyiqiniso ngempela? Abanikazi abaningi bezimoto ze-EV bakhathazekile ngokuthi indlela abashaja ngayo imoto yabo ingalimaza ibhethri ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kukhathazeka kuholela ekudidekeni mayelana nokushaja okusheshayo, ukushaja okunciphile, ngisho nokusetha okujwayelekile kokushaja ekhaya.
Yebo, ukushaja kancane ngokuvamile kungcono empilweni yebhethri le-EV. Kunciphisa ukushisa nokucindezeleka kumaseli ebhethri, kusiza ekulondolozeni amandla nokusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside. Nakuba kuhamba kancane, akunamandla kakhulu kunokushaja okusheshayo, okungagugisa ibhethri ngokushesha uma lisetshenziswa kaningi.
Ukukhetha isivinini sokushaja esifanele kuncike endleleni yakho yokuphila, imininingwane yebhethri yemoto yakho, nokuthi ufuna ibhethri lakho le-EV lihlale isikhathi esingakanani. Ngaphambi kokuthi sicabange ukuthi ukushaja kancane kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi, ake sikuchaze ngokuningiliziwe.
Kungcono yini ukushaja imoto kagesi kancane noma ukushaja imoto kagesi ngokushesha?
Ufuna ibhethri lakho lihlale isikhathi eside. Yilokho kanye okubalulekile. Kodwa isivinini siyakhanga, futhi ukushaja okusheshayo kubukeka kulula. Ngakho-ke iyiphi engcono ngempela?
Ukushaja kancane kungcono ebhethrini lakho le-EV ezimweni eziningi. Ukushaja okusheshayo kungaba wusizo, kodwa ukusetshenziswa njalo kungandisa ukuguguleka kwebhethri, ikakhulukazi uma ibhethri lishisa. Ukushaja kancane kugcina amazinga okushisa ephansi futhi kulula kakhulu ngokwe-chemistry yebhethri.
Uma ushaja ngokushesha, ibhethri lithola ugesi ophezulu oligcwalisa ngokushesha. Kodwa lokhu futhi kudala ukushisa, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwamaseli e-lithium-ion ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukushisa kungenye yezitha ezinkulu ze impilo ende yebhethriNgakolunye uhlangothi, ukushaja kancane—ikakhulukazi ebusuku ekhaya—kuvumela ibhethri ukuthi limunce amandla kancane kancane. Lokhu kuligcina lipholile futhi kunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwamakhemikhali.
Ingabe ukushaja ngokushesha kunciphisa impilo yebhethri?
Kuyashesha. Kulula. Kodwa kubiza malini? Abashayeli abaningi be-EV babuza lokhu ngemuva kokusebenzisa ishaja esheshayo ye-DC kaningi.
Yebo, ukushaja okusheshayo kunganciphisa impilo yebhethri le-EV uma kusetshenziswa njalo. Ukushaja ngesivinini esikhulu kuphakamisa izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lebhethri, kusheshise ukuguga kwamakhemikhali1 kanye nokunciphisa amandla okusebenza isikhathi eside.
Amabhethri ayawohloka ngenxa yemijikelezo yokushaja ephindaphindwayo, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesikhathi. Uma usebenzisa ama-fast charger njalo, ikakhulukazi uma ibhethri selifudumale noma selicishe ligcwale, lokhu kwandisa ukucindezeleka emaseli. Abakhiqizi abaningi batusa ukusebenzisa ama-fast charger ngezikhathi ezithile—hhayi nsuku zonke. Cabanga ngakho “njengokukhulisa amandla” kunokuthi kube yinto oyithandayo.
Kungani i-EV yakho ishaja kancane kangaka ekhaya?
Uyixhume. Iyashaja—kodwa kancane. Kungani kuthatha isikhathi eside ukugcwalisa ibhethri lakho?
Ama-EV ashaja kancane ekhaya ngoba izindawo zokufaka ezijwayelekile zinikeza i-voltage ephansi kanye nogesi. Izindlu eziningi zisebenzisa i-voltage. Ukushaja ileveli 12 (120V), okuhamba kancane kodwa kuphephile. Ukuthuthukela ku-Level 2 (240V) kungasheshisa lokhu kakhulu.
Isivinini sokushaja ekhaya sincike ekunikezelweni kwamandla akho, ishaja engaphakathi ku-EV yakho, kanye nezinga lokushisa. Isimo sezulu esibandayo inciphisa ukushaja ngoba uhlelo lwebhethri lusebenzisa amandla ukufudumala kuqala. Futhi, izindlu ezindala zingase zingasekeli izinhlelo ze-voltage ephezulu ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa. Uma imoto yakho isekela ukushaja okuhamba kancane kuphela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inamandla kangakanani ishaja odongeni ukuthi, ngeke kusheshise izinto.
Ukuqhathaniswa Kokusetha Ukushaja
| Isethaphu | voltage | Isivinini Sokushaja (Amamayela/Ihora) | amanothi |
| Izinga 1 (Ipulaki Ejwayelekile) | 120V | 3-5 amamayela ngehora | Kulula kakhulu ukuyifaka, ihamba kancane kakhulu |
| Izinga 2 (Iyunithi Ezinikele) | 240V | 15-35 amamayela ngehora | Kudinga ukufakwa, ngokushesha |
| Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC | 480V+ | Amamayela ayi-100+ ngemizuzu engama-30 | Akutholakali emakhaya |
Ingabe ukushaja imoto kagesi nge-trickle kuhle noma kubi?
Ungase uzibuze ukuthi ukushiya i-EV yakho ixhunyiwe isikhathi eside kuphephile noma kuyingozi. Ingabe ukushaja okune-trickle kufana nokunikeza ibhethri lakho ukuphumula noma ukuliqeda?
Ukushaja okukhohlisayo3 Ngokuvamile iphephile futhi ilungele amabhethri e-EV uma iphathwa kahle. Igcina ibhethri ligcwele ngaphandle kokushaja ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi uma ishaja ihlakaniphile futhi uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri lusebenza.
Ukushaja okunciphile kusebenzisa inani elincane lamandla kagesi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ama-EV amaningi ahlakaniphe ngokwanele ukulawula ukushaja, noma ngabe axhunywe amahora angu-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto. Ayayeka ukudonsa amandla uma eseshajwe ngokugcwele, bese evala uma kudingeka. Ingozi iphansi, kodwa kufanele ugweme ukushaja ibhethri eligcwele kuze kube ngu-100% njalo ngaphandle kokuthi usuzolishayela. Ukuligcina liphakathi kuka-20–80% kunempilo.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukushaja i-EV kancane?
Uhlela ukuxhuma i-plug ebusuku. Kodwa ingabe imoto izobe isilungile ekuseni? Noma ingabe izobe isakhasa igcwele?
Ukushaja i-EV kancane nge-outlet yezinga 1 kuthatha amahora angu-8-20 kuye ngobukhulu bebhethri. Lesi sivinini sanele ukuhamba nsuku zonke uma uxhuma ubusuku ngabunye.
Isikhathi sokushaja sincike ezintweni ezimbili: usayizi webhethri kanye nokufakwa kwamandla. Ibhethri elincane (njengakwi-plug-in hybrid noma i-compact EV) lizogcwalisa ngokushesha kunelikhulu kwi-SUV. Uma ukushayela kwakho kwansuku zonke kungaphansi kwamamayela angu-40, ngisho neLevel 1 ivame ukwanele. Alilungele uhambo lomgwaqo noma ukwengeza okuphuthumayo, kodwa lifanelana nemikhuba ebikezelwayo.
Ingabe ukushaja kweLevel 1 kungcono kunokushaja kweLevel 2?
Uzwile ukuthi ukuhamba kancane kungcono. Kodwa ingabe izinga 1 empeleni kangcono kuka Level 2Noma ingabe kuhamba kancane nje?
Ukushaja kwezinga loku-1 kuthambile kodwa akusho ukuthi kungcono kunezinga lesi-2. Izinga lesi-2 lishesha futhi lisaphephile ukusetshenziswa njalo. Kokubili kuhle empilweni yebhethri yesikhathi eside uma kusetshenziswa kahle.
Izinga 1 libeka ingcindezi encane kakhulu ebhethrini ngenxa yamandla alo aphansi. Kodwa lihamba kancane kakhulu kubashayeli abaningi. Izinga 2 linikeza ibhalansi enhle—ukushaja okusheshayo ngaphandle kokucindezela ibhethri njengoba kwenza ama-DC fast charger. Iningi labanikazi be-EV likhetha Izinga 2 ekhaya ngoba linikeza ukuguquguquka ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa impilo yebhethri. Ungaxhuma kamuva bese uphuma ne- ukukhokhiswa okugcwele ekuseni.
Ukuqhathanisa Izinga 1 vs Izinga 2
| Isici | Ukushaja ileveli 1 | Ukushaja ileveli 2 |
| voltage | 120V | 240V |
| Isivinini sokushaja | 3-5 amamayela ngehora | 15-35 amamayela ngehora |
| Ukusetshenziswa Okuhamba phambili | Ubusuku bonke, ukushayela okufushane | Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, amabhethri amakhulu |
| Ukucindezeleka Kwebhethri | ephansi kakhulu | ongaphakeme |
| Kudingeka Ukufakwa | Cha | Yebo |
Isiphetho
Ukushaja kancane kungcono empilweni yebhethri kuma-EV amaningi, kodwa akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Sebenzisa ukushaja kweLevel 1 noma Level 2 ngezidingo zansuku zonke, futhi wonge ukushaja okusheshayo ohambweni lomgwaqo noma eziphuthumayo. Gwema ukugcina ibhethri likude kakhulu ngo-100%, futhi uhlose u-20%–80% njengebanga lakho elijwayelekile. Ukushaja kancane kunikeza ibhethri lakho impilo ende nethembekile—kodwa isu elihle kakhulu ukulinganisela isivinini, ukulula, kanye nokunakekela.
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